strategy toefl reading comprehension

STRATEGY TOEFL READING COMPREHENSION

This section is the last section in the TOEFL test. The most lengthy and time-consuming most. In this section, participants must test 50 items was working within 55 minutes. So that the average time required to work on a problem is one minute. It's certainly longer if we compare it with the average time to work on the structure of the questions less than 45 seconds.

In this section, there are 5 reading (passage), with a number of questions (between 7-13 questions) underneath. The questions asked of the information contained in the text, either explicit information (explicit) or implicit (implied). Thus, this section marupakan actually the easiest part because all the answers are found in the literature SURE. The important thing is where the answers we seek it. If we are people who read the hobby, there is a tendency to get a better score. In fact, this section can be used as 'mine value' to cover the shortfall in the Listening and Structure Section.

To do this part well, then we must have the ability to read a good technique. Two techniques that must be mastered reading is skimming and scanning.

Skimming is reading a text quickly to get a basic idea, main idea, or content of literature in general. In this skill we are not looking for specific information, reading only the main idea that we are looking for. So no need to read the entire piece of writing.

Scanning is fast memaca FIND a text for specific information. So we have the first question and find answers in a way to be scanned. In scanning, information that is not relevant to what we were looking neglected. Thus, in a scanning, we should have to the words that we wish to find in the literature. In general, scanning skills is what we use in working on Reading Comprehension questions.

In the Reading Comprehension section, participants tend to read the text first and then try to answer the question. It's not recommended. START OF QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SCAN IN READING. So, read the text first became ineffective in the context of scanning strategies. If we read the text first and answer questions later, then we will go back again to the reading to answer this question INEFFECTIVE!

There are 4 types of questions in Reading Comprehension Section:

·         MAIN IDEA question: the question asks yan central idea, main idea, theme, or title reading (reading TOEFL is not accompanied by the title!). The number is only ONE question and generally placed as the first question in the text.

·         DETAIL question: the question asking for specific information in the text. The answer to this type of reading material contained within EXPRESS (EXPRESS). The number of questions in each of the most widely read.

·         Implied question: is a question similar to the question detail, by way of answering that is also equal to answer detailed questions. However, the answer to the question is found in the literature implicitly (IMPLIED). This question is not as much as the amount of Detail question.

·         Vocabulary question: is a synonym ask questions or seek equivalent word whose meaning is closest to the word in question. Answering this question must be guessed BASED context of the sentence. Avoid guessing just by relying on our knowledge without checking it in the sentence reading. Always read the sentence in which a word is asked as a whole, then guess based on the context of the sentence. There is no other way to answer this type of question except by guessing based on context.

Here is a detailed strategy to answer any type of questions on Reading Comprehension Section:

Ø  Editorial sentence question Main Idea of which is: What is the topic of the passage? / What is the subject of the passage? / What is the main idea of the passage? / What is the author's main point in the passage? / With what topic is the primary author concerned? / Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

Ø  If you want to answer this question without a pass, read the first sentence in each paragraph.

Ø  Think about the theme of readings that can be inferred from the first sentences in each paragraph.

Ø  Elimination choice answer: too general, too specific, or not at all related to the topic of reading.

Ø  The answer to the question must be fitted main idea to explain the contents of the reading, should not be (too general in scope / wide) or less (scope is too narrow).

EXAMPLE :

The next artist in this survey of American artist is James Whistler; he is included in this survey of American artist because he was born in the United States, although the majority of his artwork was completed in Europe. Whistler was born in Massachusetts in 1834, but nine years later his father moved the family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to work on the construction of a railroad. The family returned to the United States in 1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S. military academy at West Point, but he was unable to graduate. At the age of twenty-one Whistler went to Europe to study art despite familial objections, and he remained in Europe until his death.

Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs. However, he is most famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist’s Mother or Whistler’s Mother, as it is more commonly known. This painting shows a side view of Whistler’s mother, dressed I black and posing against a gray wall. The asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with his mother seated off-center, is highly characteristic of Whistler’s work.

1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

A. A survey of eighteenth-century art

B. a different American artist

C. Whistler’s other famous paintings

D. European artists

2. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?

A. Several artists are presented

B. One artist’s life and works are described

C. Various paintings are contrasted

D. Whistler’s family life is outlined.

3. Whistler is considered an American artist because

A. he was born in America

B. he spent most of his life in Americat

C. he served in the U.S. military

D. he created most of his famous art in America

4. The world “majority” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

A. seniority

B. maturity

C. large pices

D. high percentage

5. It is implied in the passage that Whistler’s family was

A. unable to find any work at all in Rusia

B. highly supportive of his desire to pursue art

C. working class

D. military

6. The word “objections” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. protests

B. goals

C. agreements

D. battles

7. In line 8, the “etchings” are

A. a type of painting

B. the same as a lithograph

C. an art form introduced by Whistler

D. an art form involving engraving

8. The word “asymmetrical” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

A. proportionate

B. uneven

C. balanced

D. lyrical

9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage?

A. Whistler work with a variety of art forms.

B. Whistler’s Mother is not the official name of his painting.

C. Whistler is best known for his etchings.

D. Whistler’s Mother is painted in somber tones.

10. where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler was involved in?

A. Lines 1-3

B. Lines 4-5

C. Lines 6-7

D. Lines 8-10SUMBER : http://popi-irawan.blogspot.com/p/section-iii.htmlhttp://englishahkam.blogspot.com/2012/11/contoh-toefl-reading-2-pbt.html

STRATEGY OF STRUCTURE TOEFl

First of all consider the sentence in question in terms of . Remember, purpose of the questions was to determine the structure or determine what the most appropriate response for the complete lack of matter . Therefore, by observing carefully will know the short comings and what is needed to complete it . Here you need to identify the components of the sentence . That is , which is the subject (noun ) , predicate (verb ) , object (noun ) , adverbs , and etc.

 Consider each answer is available , choose the most appropriate to complete the sentence in question.You have to pay attention to each answer in the answer choices ( A ) , ( B ) , ( C ) , and ( D ) . By looking carefully you will soon find out which one is the right choice to fill the gap in the sentence in question . Of course you need to equip themselves with adequate grammar abilities . So it is advisable to study grammar books

Never eliminate an answer choice just look at the answer without seeing the phrase about In general , each answer choice is true when it stands alone . An answer choice is right or wrong will be known once it is inserted into the sentence .

Skill 1: Make sure that sentence has a subject and a Verb .

A sentence in English MUST have at least a subject and a verb (Verb). It most often appears on the TOEFL test part structure / grammar of the issue of subject and verb: It could be in a verb phrase may be eliminated or subject, or perhaps to both, or just have a subject and verb excess.

Ex:

________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.

a) Yesterday

b) In the morning

c) Traffic

d) Cars

Skill 2: Consider the objects of prepositions

Object (what comes after) preposition MUST noun or pronoun). An example of the preposition that in, at, of, to, by, on, behind, and others. Please refer to the dictionary to determine the form of the preposition.

example:

After his exams Tom will take a trip by boat.

In the sentence above, there are two preposition: after and by. The word exam (noun) is the object of the preposition after, and the boat is an object of the preposition by.

The object of the preposition can create confusion on the part of the TOEFL test structure / grammar. REMEMBER! The object of the preposition is not the subject of the sentence.

Ex :

With his friends _____ found the movie theater.

a) has

b) he

c) later

d) when

Skill 3: Note the use and position Appositive

Appositive can be a rapscallion in knowing the subject in a sentence structure in the TOEFL test section. Appositive is a noun that comes after other nouns that have the same meaning.

Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.

In the above example Sally is the subject of the sentence and the best student in the class can be recognized easily as appositive because there is a comma separated. The best student in the class it is also Sally, so to both the same.

Ex :

_____, George, is attending the lecture.

a) Right now

b) Happily

c) Because of the time

d) My friend

Skill 4 : Note the use and position of the Present Participle

Present participle is verb + ing : talking , playing , watching, etc. . Present participle form of the problem can be Spieler Structure TOEFL test . Present participle can only be an adjective ( adjective ) which generally describes the subject of like Appositive ( see here on appositive ) or be part of keja word ( verb ) when preceded by be ( am , is , are , was , were ) .

The man is talking to his friend .

The man talking to his friend has a beard .

In the first sentence talking present participle form of the verb part because preceded by Be ( is ) . While no. 2 talking present participle is an adjective ( describes the men 's ) and not as part of a verb because it is not preceded by some as the first sentence . Verb of the sentence into two: has ( the man has a beard ) .

Sample sentences below illustrates how the present participle can be a rapscallion in Structure TOEFL test .

Ex:

The child _____ playing in the yard is my son.

a) now

b) is

c) he

d) was

Skill 5 : Note the use and position of Past Participle

Usage and Past Participle position similar to the present participle that has been discussed yesterday. The difference is Past Participle form of passive voice .

Past participle is Verb III : purchased , written , taught , etc. . Present participle form of the problem can be Spieler Structure TOEFL test . Past participle can only be an adjective ( adjective ) which generally describes the subject of like Appositive or be part of verb  when preceded by be ( am , is , are , was , were ) and have ( have , has , had)

·         The family has purchased a television .

·         The poem was written by Paul .

In the first sentence of the form of the past participle ' purchased ' are part of the verb because preceded by have ( has ) . While no. 2 past participle ' written ' is also a part of the verb because preceded by some ( was ) .

·         The television was purchased yesterday expensive .

·         The poem written by Paul Appeared in the magazine .

The second form of the past participle above ( purchased and written ) is not followed by some or even have it to both an adjective that describes the shape of each subject of the sentence (television and poem ) .

Sample sentences below illustrates how the past participle can be a rapscallion in Structure TOEFL test .

Ex :

The packages _____ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.

a) have

b) were

c) them

d) just

Skill 6 : Use a coordinate conjunction with correct connector

Many words in English have more than one clause :

·         I am learning .

·         Mom is cooking , and dad is working in the garden .

·         The girl who is looking at me is my neighbor .

The first sentence has only one clause while the last two sentences have two clauses of the first ' mom is cooking ' and ' dad is working in the garden . ' The second ' the girl is my neighbor ' and ' who is looking at me . ' From the above examples we can conclude that the clause was part of the sentence or the sentence itself that has a subject and a verb . It is generally understood that the clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb .

In this skill will be learned about the forms of coordinate conjunctions connector and its use in the sentence . Coordinate connector is used to connect between one another clause by clause . Common coordinate connector examples are: and , but , or , so , yet . Note the use of commas before.

·         Tom is singing , and Paul is dancing .

·         Tom is tall , but Paul is short .

·         Tom must write the letter , or Paul will do it .

·         Tom told a joke , so Paul laughed .

·         Tom is tired , yet he is not going to sleep .

The example below illustrates how to coordinate the connector used as a matter of Structure TOEFL test .

Ex:

A power failure occured, _____ the lamps went out.

a) then

b) so

c) later

d) next

Skill 7: Use a Adverb Time Connector and Cause Connector correctly

Sentences using clauses of clause adverb of time has 2 basic patterns:

·         I will sign the check before you live.

·         Before you live, I will sign the check.

Each of the examples above, there are two clauses: you live and I will sign the check. The second clause of the adverb time clause which (you live) because it is preceded by a conjunctive adverb time connector (before). Note the use of the coma when the time adverb connector located at the front of the sentence.

The example below illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL test.

Ex:

_____ was late, I missed the appointment.

a) I

b) Because

c) The train

d) Since he

Skill 8: Use the information that the Other Adverb Other Connectors with correct

OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS
Condition(pengandaian)	Contrast (berlawanan)	Manner(cara)	Place
If (jika) In case (if) Provided (if) Providing (if) Unless (kecuali jika) Whether	Although (walaupun) Even though (although) Though (although) While (walaupun/sedangkan/tapi) Whereas (while)	As In that	Where Wherever (di manapun)
Contoh: Bob Went to school even though he felt sick. Even though Bob felt sick, he went to school.

Note:

Note the use of the coma when the connector at the beginning of the sentence.

Pay attention to the subject (the word is blocked) and verbs (words that are blocked and underlined) in each clause

Except: While or whereas always use comma (,)

·         The Smith family arrived at 2:00, while the Jones family arrived an hour later.

·         Mary is rich, while John is poor.

·         While John is poor, Mary is rich.

·         Whereas John is poor, Mary is rich.

The example below illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL test.

Ex :

You will get a good grade on the exam provided _____.

a) studying

b) study

c) to study

d) you study

Skill 9: Use Noun Clause Connectors with correct.

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS
what, when, where, why, how	whatever, whenever
whether (apakah), if (apakah)	that (bahwa / sering tidak diartikan)

example :

I know what you did

I: Subject

V : Verb

What : Noun Connector

You: Subjects

Did ( work ) : Verb

Example above we can know that the Noun Clause ( what you did ) serves as the object of the sentence.

example :

What you did was wrong

What : noun connector

you : the subject

did : verb

was : verb

Example above we can know that the Noun Clause ( what you did ) serves as the subject of the sentence.

Noun clause is a form of clause that functions as a noun which means it can occupy the position of the noun is : as the subject or object of a verb or preposition objects.

1.      I know when he will arrive . ( noun clause as the object of the verb )

2.      I am concerned about when he will arrive . ( noun clause as the object of a preposition )

3.      When he will arrive is not important . ( noun clause as subject of the sentence )

In the example the first sentence , there are two clauses , and I know he will arrive . The two clauses are connected by connectors when . When changing the clause he will arrive into a noun clause that functions as the object of the verb know .

In the second example , the second clause and I know he will arrive connected by connectors ( conjunctions ) when . When changing the clause he will arrive into a noun clause that functions as the object of the preposition about .

In the third example is more difficult . In the example sentence , there are two clauses , but rather difficult to recognize. He will arrive is the subject of sentences .

Note :

When he will arrive is not important .

When he will arrive ( subject )

When : connector

he: subjects

will arrive : the verb of the clause he will arrive

is : verb of the sentence

The example below illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL test .

Ex :

_______ was late cused many problems.

a) That he

b) The driver

c) There

d) Because

Skill 10: Use noun clause connectors that functions as well as the subject (Noun Clause Connectors / Subjects) with correct.

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
Who                what                   which Whoever       whatever         whichever

·      S     V               Noun connector/subject             V

I     know                      what                          happened

Example above we can know that the 'what' not only serves as a connector, but also at the same time the subject of the noun clause 'what happened.'

·     Noun connector/subject          V                 V

            What                       happened     was great

Example above we can know that the 'what' not only serves as a connector, but also at the same time the subject of the noun clause 'what happened.' And 'what happened' function is the subject of the sentence What happened was great.

In this skill 10 we would learn that the noun clause connector not only serves as a connector but can also simultaneously be the subject of a noun clause .

1.      I do not know what is in the box .

2.      We are concerned about who will do the work .

3.      Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift .

In the example the first sentence , there are two clauses , I do not know and what is in the box . The two clauses are connected by a connector ( conjunctive ) what . Please note in this sentence connectors ' what' has two roles : as the subject of the verb ' is ' as well as a connector that connects to the second clause .

In the second example , there are two clauses . In the first clause , we are on the subject are . In clause 2, who was the subject of a will do . Who also serves as a connector that connects between the two clauses . Noun clause who will do the work serves as the object of the preposition about .

In the third example , also there are two clauses : the subject of whoever is coming . Whoever is coming to the party is the subject of a must bring . Connector word ' whoever ' serves as the subject of the verb is coming as well as a connector that connects to the two clauses .

Ex:

____ was on television made me angry

a.It

b.The story

c.What

d.When

Skill 11: Use Adjective clause connectors that functions as well as the subject (Adjective Clause Connector) with correct .

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS
whom             (for people)		which  (for things)	that  (for people or things)
S     V                                     adjective connector            S                V I     liked the book                           which                       you recommmend.  S                        adjective connector                S                 V  The book                   which                               you           recommended                     was interesting.

Note:

Adjective connectors can be removed (omitted). This omission is very common in speaking but not as common in English as well as in formal Structure TOEFL test.

Adjective clause is a clause that functions as an adjective ( adjective ) is ' describes the noun ( noun ) . ' It's just not exactly the same position . If the adjective ( adjective ) normally before the noun described , while the adjective after the noun clause was his .

·         The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table .

·         The glass that she put on the table contains milk .

In the example the first sentence , there are two clauses : , woman is the subject of the verb is filling , and she is the subject of the verb 'put ' . That is a adjective clause connector which connects to the two clauses above , and the adjective clause 'that she put on the table ' to explain / describe the noun glass .

In the second example , also contained two clauses . The word ' glass' is the subject of the verb ' contains ' and she is the subject of the verb 'put . ' That is a adjective clause connector. Adjective clause 'that she put on the table ' describes the noun ' glass . '

The example below illustrates how the pattern is used as a matter of sentence in Structure TOEFL test .

Ex:

The gift ______ selected for the bride was rather expensive.

a.because

b.was

c.since

d.which we

sumber :

http://englishahkam.blogspot.com/

http://bahasainggris-jepang.blogspot.com/2013/11/strategi-cara-menjawab-soal-structure.html

Tugas Bahasa inggris 2

KPK names Home Ministry
official a graft suspect

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | National | Tue, April 22 2014, 9:16 PM

The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has named a Home Ministry official a suspect in the alleged electronic ID card procurement project that took place in the 2011-2012 budget year and was worth Rp 6 trillion.

The official was identified as Sugiharto, the director of citizen administration information management at the Home Ministry. Sugiharto was accused of misappropriation, which caused state losses and of violating the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Anticorruption Law.

“We have been able to gather enough evidence to lead to the identification of Sugiharto’s role in this graft case,” KPK spokesman Johan Budi said on Tuesday as quoted by kompas.com.

Home Minister Gamawan Fauzi said he would respect the ongoing investigation.

“The KPK has an undisputable reputation in graft investigations so far. Thus, we should respect the ongoing investigation,” he said.

Beforehand, former Democratic Party treasurer Muhammad Nazaruddin also revealed the alleged mark up within the electronic ID procurement project of up to Rp 2.5 trillion.

Johan, however, did not provide a clear answer when asked whether this investigation had originated from Nazaruddin’s testimony. He hinted that the investigation originated from a tip. (put/dic)  

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/04/22/kpk-names-home-ministry-official-a-graft-suspect.html

opinion
I think this case should be resolved kpk ministry of bewahnya part directly in order to know who wrote that resmitersangka corruption , besides the officials should also be checked to kpk revealed that all the problem clearly and correctly . Hambalang case also finally growing on the side of those who enriched the project . Chairman of the Democratic Party at that time , Anas Urbaningrum eventually dragged as a suspect . The private sector was also involved in the project as a suspect .
Construction case was exactly like the song of the former Democratic Party treasurer M. Nazaruddin was previously reported alleged corruption E - ID card to the Commission . In its report , calling Nazar E - KTP corruption involving high-ranking officials in the executive and parliament .
Previously , the Commission has set and the Director of the Population Administration Information Management Directorate Ministry of Internal Affairs Sugiharto dept suspects alleged corruption procurement KTP - el package . Top terseut determination , the Commission immediately in order searches melakuakan mengumbulkan evidence in Sugiharto workspace .
 He also stated that it did not expect that one of the officials in the Ministry of Home Affairs declared a suspect by the KPK . Because the KTP - el procurement projects are handled Sugiharto been assessed fine . '' Suddenly, this once , I just found out this afternoon ( yesterday ) . The procurement has been fine , " he said .
    In addition , he explained that the Home Minister has not taken steps related to the existence of corruption in the Ministry of Home Affairs . '' No . But we respect the decision of the Commission and will follow the legal process goes , "he said .
    He added that no one else it is called in the Commission as a witness to the corruption of the Sugiharto . '' No one has to be a witness , but probably much later , " he concluded